Discuss how successfully the dramatic device of disguise Essay Example

Discuss how successfully the dramatic device of disguise Essay Example Discuss how successfully the dramatic device of disguise Paper Discuss how successfully the dramatic device of disguise Paper In As You Like It, the dramatic device of disguise is very important, because of the dramatic opportunities it presents. Shakespeare opens two opportunities: the characters can say what they would otherwise be unable to say, and hear what they would otherwise be unable to hear.  The main character who uses disguise is Rosalind, although Celia does too, to a lesser extent. We first see these two characters in Act I Scene 2. In this scene, we find out background information of the characters, for example that Rosalinds father, the Duke, was banished. We also see Orlando and Rosalind fall in love, after they meet for the first time at the wrestling match in the gardens of the palace. Rosalind gives Orlando her necklace, giving him a sign that she has fallen in love with him. Rosalind: Wear this for me,  Rosalind: Sir, you have wrestled well, and overthrown  More than your enemies.  Orlando also admits to himself that he has fallen in love with her, but gives no indication of such to Rosalind, as he remained silent.  Orlando: What passion hangs these weights upon my tongue?  I cannot speak to her, yet she urgd conference.  O poor Orlando, thou art overthrown! In Act I Scene 3, Rosalind admits to Celia how much she loves Orlando, and that she is not merely playing at falling in love, as they had discussed in the precious scene. Celias father, the Duke, then interrupts them, to banish Rosalind. The reasons for his actions are that the people pity Rosalind, because she has lost her father. Also, they admire her silence and patience. So, under the pretence that Rosalind is a traitor, he banishes her, to make Celia show more bright and seem more virtuous when she is gone. However, Celia objects to this, as she loves Rosalind dearly. So, she decides to join Rosalind in her banishment, and that they will go to the forest of Arden, to search for her uncle, Rosalinds father. They decide to take Touchstone with them, for safety and company. In those times, it was dangerous to travel, especially for rich women. The women realise this, and like Rosalind says beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold. So, Rosalind decides to disguise herself as a male because she is more than common tall. She decides to call herself Ganymede. Ganymede was a Trojan boy, with whom Jove fell in love with, appointed him cupbearer of the Gods, and became immortal. This name is very appropriate since Ganymede was an effeminate boy, while Rosalind would be a woman dressed as a male. Celia decides to disguise herself as a shepherdess, called Aliena, meaning the stranger. This name is also appropriate, as it is representative of the way she will act in the country compared to at court; she will not be used to it. The two names are taken from the book Rosalynde, written in 1590 by Thomas Lodge. This could be intentional, or coincidental. We first see Rosalind in disguise in Act II Scene 4, when she realises that now she is disguised as a man, she has to inherit male qualities and act courageous to petticoat. In this scene, Shakespeare explores the male and female side of Rosalind for the first time. In appearance, she is masculine, able to take responsibility for the weaker vessel. However, inside she is feminine, and needy of the support she gives to Celia. Touchstone also mentions that when I was at home, I was in a better place stimulating thoughts about the divide between the rich and the poor of Shakespeares time. In As You Like It, Shakespeare compares the two societies of that time- the rich and the poor. There wasnt usually a middleclass. In the life at court, ladies did not work for their living. They usually grew up, and were married at a fairly young age, until they died. However, poor women usually had to help at the house, by cooking, cleaning, etc. and were also usually married off as soon as possible. Further on in the play, in Act III Scene 2 Touchstone also debates the merits of the two different lives with Corin, a shepherd. As we know, Celia and Rosalind come from an upper class, rich, royal families, but have to pretend to be poor, working class people when they go to the forest of Arden. Undoubtedly, they would have made mistakes occasionally, showing their true heritage. This would probably seem comical to the audience, because they found it unusual for the two backgrounds to mix. For example, in Act III Scene 2, when Orlando is speaking with Rosalind, he mentions that her accent is something finer than you could purchase in so removed a dwelling. Fortunately for her, Rosalind quickly thinks of an excuse, an old religious uncle of mine taught me to speak, which Orlando believes.

Percent Composition by Mass Example Problem

Percent Composition by Mass Example Problem Percent composition by mass is a statement of the percent mass of each element in a chemical compound or the percent mass of components of a solution or alloy. This worked example chemistry problem works through the steps to calculate percent composition by mass. The example is for a sugar cube dissolved in a cup of water. Percent Composition by Mass Question A 4 g sugar cube (Sucrose: C12H22O11) is dissolved in a 350 ml teacup of 80 Â °C water. What is the percent composition by mass of the sugar solution? Given: Density of water at 80 Â °C 0.975 g/ml Percent Composition Definition Percent Composition by Mass is the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution (mass of the solute plus mass of the solvent), multiplied by 100. How to Solve the Problem Step 1 - Determine mass of solute We were given the mass of the solute in the problem. The solute is the sugar cube. masssolute 4 g of C12H22O11 Step 2 - Determine mass of solvent The solvent is the 80 Â °C water. Use the density of the water to find the mass. density mass/volume mass density x volume mass 0.975 g/ml x 350 ml masssolvent 341.25 g Step 3 - Determine the total mass of the solution msolution msolute msolvent msolution 4 g 341.25 g msolution 345.25 g Step 4 - Determine percent composition by mass of the sugar solution. percent composition (msolute / msolution) x 100 percent composition ( 4 g / 345.25 g) x 100 percent composition ( 0.0116) x 100 percent composition 1.16% Answer: The percent composition by mass of the sugar solution is 1.16% Tips for Success Its important to remember you use the total mass of the solution and not just the mass of the solvent. For dilute solutions, this doesnt make a huge difference, but for concentrated solutions, youll get a wrong answer.If youre given the mass of solute and mass of solvent, life is easy, but if youre working with volumes, youll need to use density to find the mass. Remember density varies according to temperature. Its unlikely youll find a density value corresponding to your exact temperature, so expect this calculation to introduce a small amount of error into your calculation.

Lawmaking in the States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lawmaking in the States - Essay Example Lawmaking is not only made contentious, but very difficult, due to partisanship. The legislature is affected adversely due to the bitter partisanship, when the two parties just keep on playing the blame game and side with their own party member, irrespective of their own personal beliefs, and without taking into account the cost of their â€Å"fights† to the public exchequer. It is interesting to note that the Senate delayed the state budgets of both 1997 and 1999 by months due to partisanship. The Republicans blamed Majority Leader Chuck Chvala for it, whereas he passed the proverbial buck to the Republicans. No matter who was responsible, the result was that with so much time spent on passing the budget, there was very little time left for other legislation. The legislators deliberate policy proposals in the Senate or the House of Representatives (U. S. Congress). A proposal is introduced as a â€Å"bill† or a â€Å"resolution† by any member of the house in front of a Committee, which can hold meetings or collect relevant evidence and can also amend the bill if they consider it necessary. The bills are approved if the majority of the House votes for it. Once these proposals/ bills are approved they are sent to the other house for deliberation. Legislators build support through various ways, these include, but are not limited to, creating advisory committees consisting of people supporting the proposal and reaching out to others with the proposal. Also newsletters are published with information about the proposal, along with the results of Community Surveys on the proposal. They also attend as many Community Meetings as possible with the view of increasing their relationship with the local people as well as the media. When there is a difference of opinion between the two chambers of the legislature, or when there is an amendment being made at the second chamber, the bill

The Logic of Suicide Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Logic of Suicide Terrorism - Essay Example The Hotel Rwanda film is a co-production that focuses on political corruption, genocide and the repercussions of violent behavior. The film stars Don as hotelier Paul, who endeavors to salvage his colleague citizens from the ravage of the Rwandan genocide era. A brief review of the genocide entails that the war originated from the tension between the Hutu and the Tutsi whereby, bribes and other acts of corruption among the politicians were routine. As the political situation worsened in the country, civil wars erupted in the region hence, displacing a large number of families. On the other hand, Scott McConnell interviews Robert concerning the idea that probed him to write the book. Robert clearly reveals his wealth with the information he had pertaining to terrorism and violence in various parts of the world (Anthony 18). He claims that religion is not to be held accountable for most of the suicide-terrorist attacks. In the dialogue between Robert and the American conservative, Robert also discusses the American and Iraq differences. This shows that suicide-terrorist attacks were quite prone in the Islamic countries and America. Robert notes that in every occasion where a profession has created a suicide-terrorist movement, there is a religious difference between the occupier and the occupied community (Anthony 21). In conclusion, based on euphemism which is defined as a harmless phrase that substitutes an offensive one, we find that the film title used in this essay is euphemistic. The phrase Hotel Rwanda may mislead one to think that the film is correlated with a hotel in Rwanda while on the contrary; the term refers to the genocide era in Rwanda where many lives were lost due to mass killings.  

Literature Review Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay

Literature Review Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay Review of literature is an essential step in the development of a research project. The primary purpose is to gain abroad background or understanding of the information that is related to the research problem. Review of literature of the present study was arranged in the following heading: Review related to polycystic ovarian syndrome. Review related to prevalence Review related to Quality of life Review related to risk factors. Review related to treatment. . Review related to poly cystic ovarian syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as Stein Leventhal Syndrome, was first described in 1935. PCOS, which may also be referred to as polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) is the most common hormonal disorder found in premenopausal women. PCOS affects 7% of women from all races and nationalities. Typically, PCOS symptoms first appear in adolescence, normally around the state of menstruation. Occasionally, some women do not develop PCOS symptoms until their early to mid-20s. One of the most common symptoms of PCOS is irregular periods. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) becomes symptomatic during adolescence and affects at least 5% of reproductive-age women. PCOS is a heterogeneous syndrome of unexplained chronic hyperandrogenism and oligo-anovulation, with a polycystic ovary being an alternative diagnostic criterion. About half of cases lack some of the classic Stein-Leventhal syndrome features of menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, obesity, and polycystic ovaries. Whether the syndrome can be diagnosed in the absence of hyperandrogenism is controversial, and the documentation of hyperandrogenemia can be problematic. The broad spectrum of the disorder seems to encompass atypical cases of hyperandrogenemia with central obesity and features of insulin resistance instead of hirsutis m or anovulation. Functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) is usually the source of the androgen excess. It is characterized by 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17PROG) hyperresponsiveness to the gonadotropin stimulation of GnRH agonist or human chorionic gonadotropin testing and subnormal suppressibility of plasma testosterone upon adrenal suppression by glucocorticoid. It is often accompanied by functional adrenal hyperandrogenism, characterized by 17-hydroxypregnenolone or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) hyperresponsiveness to ACTH; in atypical PCOS, the sole source of androgen excess may be functional adrenal hyperandrogenism. The underlying defect seems to be a constitutive dysreglulaton of steroidogenic cells (9). Intrinsic granulosa cell dysfunction is also present. LH excess appears to contribute to 50-75% of cases. Evidence is accumulating that it arises from androgen interfering with the progesterone negative-feedback effect on LH secretion. However, the possibility of primary central mechanisms for L H excess remains, particularly in adolescent PCOS . Increasing evidence suggests that PCOS arises as a complex trait with contributions from both heritable and nonheritable factors. Polygenic influences appear to account for about 70% of the variance in pathogenesis. Nearly half of sisters of women with PCOS have an elevated plasma testosterone level, although only half of them are symptomatic. Polycystic ovaries appear to be transmitted as a dominant trait, usually asymptomatic but often accompanied by a subclinical PCOS type of ovarian dysfunction. Central obesity and insulin resistance seem to play important roles in PCOS, perhaps by accentuating steroidogenic dysregulation but perhaps more fundamentally because PCOS is closely related to these features in parents. Gestational factors have also been incriminated; the syndrome has been associated with high birth weight in heavy mothers and can arise from fetal programming by androgen excess. In view of these indications for congenital origins of the syndrome, it is not surprising th at there is increasing recognition of risk factors for PCOS in childhood Minerva Pediatr (2010) Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder, involving primarily ovarian hyperandrogenism in females and linked with insulin resistance in the majority of cases. Clinical features are widely variable and include a combination of menstrual irregularities, acne, hirsutism, and alopecia. Although it typically presents around puberty, several risk factors during childhood may help raise a high index of suspicion for the development of PCOS in adolescents. The pathophysiology of PCOS still remains unknown and likely includes a combination of genetic factors, insulin resistance and environmental factors. A thorough diagnostic work up is required in suspected cases and several management modalities have been suggested. Since various long term complications and comorbidities are associated with PCOS early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention is warranted in these cases. Review Related To Prevalence Pembe AB, Abeid MS (2009). The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of polycystic ovaries (PCO) and associated clinical and biochemical features among women with infertility attending gynaecological outpatients department (GOPD) at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. All women with infertility attending the GOPD from 11th September 2006 to 15th February 2007 were recruited to the study. Information on socio-demographic, obstetric and menstrual characteristics was collected. Anthropometric measurement, clinical examination of acne and hirsutism, vaginal ultrasonography for PCO and biochemical analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were performed all 102 women who attended the GOPD during the study period due to infertilityw ere recruited. Two women were excluded after diagnosis of pregnancy made by hormonal assay and ultrasonography thus remaining with 100 women for analysis. Oligomenorrhoea and acne were significantly higher in a group of women with PCO than among women with normal ovaries. The mean hirsutism score though was not significant, was higher in women with PCO than in women with normal ovaries (5.1 +/-2.7 vs 4+/-2.4, P Koivunen R. (1999) conducted study about prevalence of polycystic ovaries in healthy women. The prevalence of polycystic ovaries varies with age. The findings are more common in women aged 35 years or younger than in those aged 36 years or older. It remains unclear of women with polycystic ovaries will later develop fall-blown polycystic ovary syndrome; however, the hormonal parameters and clinical findings among women with polycystic ovaries mimized those will polycystic ovarian syndrome. Enhrman DA, Cavagham MK, Barnes RB, (1999) prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome have the highest risk of glucose intolerance. Among women with polycystic ovary syndrome, 35% will have impaired glucose tolerance and 10% will be diabetic before age 40. Hyperandrogenemia may have a role in the development of glucose intolerance or be a marker of insulin resistance. Conversion from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM appears to be accelerated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Review related to quality of life Moran L, el.a.l (2010) conducted a observational, cross sectional study in young woman. He assess the psychological features in young women with and without PCOS. Women with PCOS demonstrated worsened quality of life (p=0.033 ) and greater anxiety (p= 0.01)and depression (p=0.023) than women without PCOS related to BMI status. Women with PCOS were more likely to perceive themselves as at risk of obesity (p=0.012) and infertility (p=0.0001), and perceived greater importance in reducing future risk of prediabetes (p=0.027), gestationl diabetes (p=0.039),type2 diabetes (p= 0.01) , heart disease (p=0.005),obesity(p=0.0007),and infertility(p=0.023) than women without PCOS. Women with PCOS were more likely to have fears about future health related to weight gain (p=0.045 ), loss of femininity (p =0.035) , loss of sexuality (p =0.003) and infertility (p=0.019) than women without PCOS. Worsened quality of life, anxiety and depression in young women with PCOS is related to BMI. Risk percepti on is appropriately high in PCOS, yet perceived risk of future metabolic complications are less common than those related to weight gain and infertility. Judy Griffin Mc Cook, et al conducted on a cross sectional, regarding quality of life in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The results of this study indicate that women with PCOS have the greatest concern in the area of weight, followed by menstrual problems and infertility. These concerns are directely reflected in their objective life experiences. Women with PCOS clearly need education and support regarding the effect of their quality of life. Sigrid elsenbruch el.al They conducted a survey method the sample was collected from out patients clinics of the devision of endocrinology ,department of medicine at the university of essen, based on referrals from gynecologists in the surrounding area or patients attracted by the clinics home page. They concluded that the pronounced psychological and psychosocial problems affecting health related to quality of life of patients with PCOS. Although an effective medical treatment aimed at improving PCOS related symptoms will also reduce psychological distress and improve sexual self worth , consideration of both the medical and psychological situation with the availability of an additional help group are likely to further improve life satisfaction and coping of affected women. Maria E el. al conducted a cross sectional study of female adolescents and to determine whether clinically observed or self -perceived severity of illness attect their HRQL (Health related quality life) they concluded that adolescents with PCOS experience lower HRQL compared with healthy adolescents. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and perceived severity of illness negatively affect HRQL in adolescents. This study suggests a need to develop interventions to reduce the distress that patients with PCOS may face to adolescents and young adult. Susanne Hahn, el. al A Comparative study was conducted in out patient clinic of The Department Of Medicine, university of Duisburg Essen, Germany. The result of the study was PCOS patients showed significant reductions in quality of life, increased psychological disturbances, and decreased sexual satisfaction when healthy controls. BMI and hirsutism scores, but not the presence of acne , were associated with physical aspect of quality of life and sexual satisfaction. No clear effect of androgens or insulin resistance on psychosocial variables was detected. Similarly, the type of menstrual cycle disturbances or infertility had no impact on psychological well being. Review related to risk factors Robert L. Rosenfield et al 2007 in this study state that risk factors for PCOS can be recognized in childhood. This study concluded that premature pubarche patients appear to carry about a 15 -20 % risk of developing PCOS. It seems likely that the risk is relatively high in those with exaggerated adrenarche and relatively low in those with ordinary premature adrenarche or idiopathic premature pubarche. PCOS is a complex trait with a large hereditary component. There fore, the presence of PCOS, or central obesity, diabetes, or other insulin resistant features in a parent should heighten the concern about risk for PCOS if the child presents other risk factors. Bulent O. Yildiz, et.al (2005) The study was conducted at a tertiary care center. Population prevalence of PCOS according to body mass index (BMI) and change in BMI of PCOS patients over time were measured. The results suggest that the risk of PCOS is only minimally increased with obesity, although the degree of obesity of PCOS patients has increased, similar to that observed in the general population. These data indicate that obesity in PCOS reflects environmental factors to a great extent. Meher un Nisal (2009) A cross sectional analytical study was conducted in Qassim University Clinic, in the year of 2007 -2009 . They concluded that obesity plays an important role in the genesis and maintenance of polycystic ovarian disease. PCOD is the leading cause of anovultory infertility in females and affects 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. PCOD is strongly associated with obesity. Angela Kerchner, B.A., el .al (2009) coducted a prospective longitudinal study cocluded that there is a significant risk mood disorders in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The persistent high rate of depression and other mood disorders are presents in young women with PCOS. Rosenfield RL. The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (2007) conducted a study on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) appears to arise as a complex trait with contributions from both heritable and nonheritable factors. Polygenic influences appear to account for about 70% of the variance in pathogenesis. In view of this evidence for congenital contributions to the syndrome, childhood manifestations may be expected. The objective has been to review the evidence that risk factors for PCOS can be recognized in childhood. Congenital virilizing disorder are average or low birth weight for gestation age; premature adrenarche, particularly exaggerated adrenarche; atypical sexual precocity; or intractable obesity with acanthosis nigricans, metabolic syndrome, and pseudo-cushing syndrome or pseudo-acromegaly in early childhood have been identified as independent prepubertal risk factors for the development of PCOS. During adolescence, PCOS may masquerade a s physiological adolescent anovulation. Asymptomatic adolescents with a polycystic ovary occasionally (8%) have subclinical PCOS but often (42%) have a subclinical PCOS type of ovarian dysfunction, the prognosis for which is unclear. Identifying children at risk for PCOS offers the prospect of eventually preventing some of the long-term complications associated with this syndrome once our understanding of the basis of the disorder improves. Fertile steril (2009) conducted a prospective longitudinal study in university they state that there is a significant risk for mood disorders in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. They found that a high conversion risk for depression over a 1 to 2 year period under scores the importance of routine screening and aggressive treatment of mental health disorders in this population. Duleba AJ, Ahmed IM (2010) observational study to evaluate urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in normotensive and non diabetic women with polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to their clinical, endocrine, and metabolic motiles. They concluded urinary albumin exenetion in women with pcos correlates well with other cordiovcescular events is continuous, evaluation of UAE in the presence of information and may aid in selecting appropriate patients for move aggressive treatment of likely aggravation factors, such as hyperonsulinemia or borderline hypertension. Want Y, et.al says that the family history of diabetes mellitus has the most effect on the clinical phenotype in women with PCOS. The family history of other diseases such as menstrual disorder, premature balding and hypertension play less significant roles. A family history of positive coronary heart disease does not affect the clinical phenotype of such patients. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. Review related to Treatment Moran LJ, Pasquali R, (2009) state that the lifestyle management should be used as the primary therapy in overweight and obese women with PCOS for the treatment of metabolic complications. Jeans YM, et.al (2009) they conducted a experimental study on dietary management of women with PCOS. They concluded that 73% of overweight women were not following a diet to promote weight loss. Humphreys L, costarelli V (2008). They concluded that in spite of the fact that weight loss and weight maintenance are absolutely vital in the treatment the PCOS. In their study bees shown that the support given to PCOS patients to help reduce and control their weight is inadequate and needs to be improved. Hector F Escobar et.al. (2008). They done a case control study including 40 PCOS patients matched with 40 non hyperandrogenic women for age and body mass index. They concluded that serum OPG (Osteoprotegerin) concentrations are reduced in PCOS patients independently of obesity. Unlu C. Atabe koglu CS. (2006). They suggest that the metformin has gained popularity as first line management in clomiphone citrate resistant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. It ovulation does not occur within several months offer treatment with metformin, affer the evaluation of all PCOS and cons related to each treatment. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling or gonadotropins may be considered as an effective option according to patients choice. Glueck CJ, et. Al. (2009 Sep) conduct a study: in 20 adolescents age, or = 17(16+/- 1 yr) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endocrinopathy and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Median weight fell from 85.5 to 78.4 kg(p=0.004), waist circumference from 91 to 84 cm (p= 0.017), triglyceride form 108 to 71 mg/dl (p=0.026), and testosterone from 45.5 to 31.5ng/dl (p=0.03). The percentage of cycles with normal menses rose from a pre-treatment median of 8% to 100 %, p Genazzani AD, Ricchieri F, Lanzoni C conducted a study in metformin is quite an old drug, but it is optimal for the control of glycemia in type 2 diabetes. It was reported, 15 years ago, that insulin resistance was abnormally high in most polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Starting disorder over 2 years after menarche, a higher incidence of obesity, marked hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance and disorderly gonadotropine secretion in comparison with control subjects. Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are much more severe in obese adolescent PCOS. Beata Banasjewska MD Ph.D., Antoni J Duleba MD, Robert Z. Spacjynski, Lipids in polycystic ovarian syndrome Role of hyperinsulinemia and effects of metformin.Use of metformin in hyperinsulinemia women with PCOS is associated with a significant improvement of lipid profile; these findings support the notion that metformin use may be considered prophylactic therapy aimed at lowering cardiovascular risk factors. Jeans YM et al (2009) conducted a study related to dietary management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Advice provided by dietitians focused on a reduction in energy intake (78%) and dietary glycaemic index (77%) often in combination. Of the women with poly cystic ovarian syndrome who were following a diet specifically for their poly cystic ovarian syndrome (57%) regimes included a low glycaemic index (34%), weight loss diets (16%) or a combination (26%). Of interest, 73% of overweight women were not following a diet with only 15% of women having seen a dietitian. Eighty-four percent of women with poly cystic ovarian syndrome who had increased physical activity (48%) self-reported an improvement in their symptoms. They concluded that women with poly cystic ovarian syndrome recognize the importance of diet, but few received dietary advice from a registered dietitian. The dietary information women with poly cystic ovarian syndrome received was often from an unregulated source. A consensus statement of evidence-based dietary advice for women with poly cystic ovarian syndrome is needed and would be a useful resource for dietitians.

Identifying Factors Which Affect the Job Satisfaction of Nurses Essay

We live our lives aiming for satisfaction. The satisfaction we want to achieve can be from our studies, our business, our health status, our body image, or our jobs. In health care profession, the article â€Å"The Determinants Of Job Satisfaction Among Registered Nurses† discuss the contentment of nurses with their jobs. Job satisfaction has a lot of factors that affect it. These factors include workload, stress level, personal needs, environment, relationship with co-workers and supervisors, and the number of hours that they are working in a week. In one research by Kalist and Okoye, they used the question on how would a nurse best describe their feelings about their principal nursing position to determine their job satisfaction of a population of nurses. Then they came up with â€Å"A nurse may respond to the question by indicating that she is either extremely satisfied, moderately satisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, moderately dissatisfied, or extremely dissatisfied† (D. E. Kalist, I. N. Okoye, 2011). The result of their study concluded that age, marital status, gender, salary, hours of work, position, and setting are the factors affecting the job satisfaction of nurses. They also came up with a result that women are more satisfied with their jobs more than the male population and married women reported higher job satisfaction. We can observe that most married women are more stable on their jobs because they tend to find a job that would meet their expectations or a job that would last long for them. They have also gathered information which would mean that in managerial positions, they have higher job satisfaction compared to the ones in non-managerial position. But in a study done by C. G. Andrews and J. Allen in their article â€Å"Analysis of Management and Employee Job Satisfaction, they have concluded that there is no significant relationship of job satisfaction between managerial and non-managerial position. Taking a closer look at their study, the population involved does not come specifically from the nurses’ population. They conducted their study in a general workplace setting. We can say then that the nurses, specifically, consider their position when it comes to their satisfaction at their jobs. Another author included additional factors that affect the satisfaction of these nurses such as â€Å"Recognition of frustrations, such as turnover, lack of internal empowerment, burnout, and, elimination of external sources of stress can decrease dissatisfaction in the health care setting† (J.L. Kettle, 2002). Most of the factors discussed on the first article are regarding the physiological needs of the nurses which should be considered and are mostly being considered by health administrators. The factors discussed by J.L. Kettle though are more into the emotional which are mostly being ignored but actually has an impact when it comes to job satisfaction of nurses. Understanding the job satisfaction of nurses is very important in the role of a health care manager. Nurses are the ones who get in touch with the patient most of the time and they are the ones who improve the quality of health care service given. Their satisfaction is very important just like the satisfaction of patients receiving the health care treatment. The emotional needs of nurses are as important as their physical needs. If their needs are being met, they will be able to provide a better service. Therefore, we can say that identifying and understanding the factors that affects the job satisfaction of nurses will definitely affect their performance. Peer Support: Peer’s Name: Ma. Lyngee Caduco She helped me pick a topic that is interesting for me and she advised me on the formatting of this paper. References Kettle, D.L. (2002). Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction in the Registered Nurse. Retrieved from:http://www.juns.nursing.arizona.edu/articles/Fall%202002/Kettle.htm Kalist, D.E, Okoye, I.N. (2001). The Determinants Of Job Satisfaction Among Registered Nurses. Retrieved from: http://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/AJHS/article/view/6623/6699 Andrews, C.G., Allen, J. (2004). Analysis of Management and Employee Job Satisfaction. Retrieved from: http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31078/m1/1/

Quantity and Quality in Social Research Free Essay Example, 1500 words

In fact in order for the research to be valid, measuring instruments used in the research must be of the appropriate standards. In qualitative methodologies, reasoning is not measured. As such, there is no use of any gadget or requirement to measure anything. The explanation of phenomena is derived or implied from observable aspects of the occurrence. The method of obtaining data in a qualitative study is through communication and observation of the occurrence. Since the data collected in a quantitative research is always numerical in nature, the use of statistical tools is imperative in their analysis. To derive any meaning from the data, computer-based statistical tools like SPSS software and Spreadsheets can be used to present the data in a format that makes more meaning. The basic element of analysis of data from a qualitative research is the main source of difference between the two types of research method. In qualitative research, the use of words as a basic element of analys is implies that the researcher has to use personal deductions on the data to come up with a meaning. point of divergence between these research methods comes from the way each handles a theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Quantity and Quality in Social Research or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In the quantitative methodology, the aim of the researcher is to test a theory within the study conducted. Testing a theory implies that the researcher develops a hypothesis and then tests it by measuring different attributes of the hypothesis. This can be done experimentally or through a survey. In the end, the researcher determines whether the hypothesis is true or false based on the results of the tests. Qualitative research does not aim at testing a theory. Here, the main aim of a researcher is to come up with a theory. The result is an explanation that is grounded on facts about a phenomenon. It does not seek any disapproval of a position. The explanation provided by the research about a subject becomes a theory because it is based on observable facts and is deduced from rational thinking about facts.